Early Diagnosis of Cancer
Home > Health Information > Early Diagnosis of Cancer
Early Diagnosis of Cancer
Stomach Cancer
Stomach cancer
- Affects men more than women
- 75% cases are over 50 year old
- Most commonly diagnosed between 60-80 years of age
Common symptoms
- asymptomatic at early stage
- Abdominal pain
- Nausea and vomiting
- Swollowing difficulty
- Poor appetite
- Weight lost
- Anaemia
- Hematemesis
- Malaena
Risk factors
- above 40 year old, male with family history
- Persistence gastric ulcer
- Alcohol
- Smoking
- Gastric polyps
- Diet high in smoked or salted foods and processed meat, low in vegetables
- Presence of helicobacter pylori
Early diagnosis
- Oesophago-gastric-duodenoscopy
- Tissue biopsy
Bladder Cancer
More male patients than female patients
Symptoms
- painless haematuria
- Microscopic haematuria
- Difficulty passing urine
- Urinary frequency
- Loin or lower abnormal pain
Risk factors
- smoking
- Exposure to harmful chemicals eg toxic dye
- Diet high in smoked or salted foods and processed meat
Early diagnosis
- urine cytology
- Cystoscopy and tissue biopsy
- CT Urogram
Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer is the 3rd commonest cancer in Hong Kong for male
Symptoms
⁃ Usually asymptomatic at early stage
⁃ Urinary frequency, especially at night time
⁃ Trouble urination
⁃ Pain when urinating or ejaculating
⁃ Blood in either urine or semen
⁃ Spine or pelvic bone pain
Risk factors
⁃ over 50 year old
⁃ Obesity
⁃ lack of exercise
⁃ Family history, esp first degree relatives
Early diagnosis
⁃ Digital rectal examination
⁃ Prostate Specific Antigen, PSA
⁃ Transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy
Renal Cancer
Symptoms
Painless Haematuria
Loin or back pain
Feel mass over loin area
Decrease appetite
Unknown fever
Anaemia and ankle swelling
Risk factors
Old age
Smoking
Obesity
Rebel failure and on haemodialysis
Family history
Contact with large amount of chemicals eg. Organic solvents , benzene,asbestos, herbicides
Dignosis
CT scan
MRI
Blood for anaemia and increase calcium
Urine - haematuria and cytology
Treatment
Nephrectomy
Chemotherapy
Target therapy