Common Disease
Common Disease
Hypertension
Hypertension is a chronic disease.
Blood pressure can be affected by
⁃ posture
⁃ Body fitness
⁃ Mood and sleeping quality
Systolic blood pressure - measure the force the heart exerts on the walls of the arteries each time it beats
Diastolic blood pressure - measure the pressure in your arteries when your heart rests between beats
For adults
If your blood pressure is 140/90mm Hg or higher, you have hypertension.
If your blood pressure is in between 140-120/90-80mmHg. That's considered "elevated," then close monitoring suggested
Symptoms ：
⁃ Usually asymptomatic
⁃ Lightheaded or fainting
⁃ Blurred or double vision
⁃ Headache
⁃ Fatigue
Causes：
90-95%of cases are essential hypertension, that’s mean it’s not the result of a medical condition.
Other risk factors :
⁃ Eat too much salt
⁃ Over weight
⁃ Do not do enough exercise
⁃ Smoking
⁃ Too much alcohol
⁃ Poor sleep quality
⁃ Stress
⁃ Family history or old age
Other causes：
⁃ renal disease
⁃ Aldosteronism
⁃ Sleep apnoea
⁃ Coarctation or aorta
Prevention：
⁃ regular blood pressure monitoring
-
Maintain optimal body weight (BMI on 18.5 to 22.9)
-
Restrict salt intake (should consume ﹤5g or one teaspoon of salt per day)
-
Increase consumption of potassium
-
Abstain from smoking, decrease alcohol intake
-
Healthy lifestyle, enough rest, avoid stress
Patients with hypertension should be checked regularly of：
-
Urine Analysis
-
Fasting blood glucose
-
Renal function test
-
Lipid profile
-
Electrocardiogram
-
Uric acid if patient is on diuretics
Complications ：
⁃ heart attack
⁃ Stroke
⁃ Aneurysm
⁃ Renal failure
⁃ Hypertensive retinopathy
Cholesterol
LDL/ VLDL Bad chloesterol
cause blockage of vessels
Prevention of hypercholesterolaemia
Diet control
Quit smoking
Regular exercise
High fibre diet
Treatment of Hypercholesterolaemia
Modification of lifestyle
Cease smoking
Decrease alcohol intake
Loss Weight
Exercise
Relax
Medical Treatment
Resins
Triglyceride-lowering drugs
Statins
Diabetes
Diabetes is an extremely common endocrine disease, and about 300,000 people in Hong Kong are now living with diabetes. Diabetes is mostly primary and has a genetic predisposition. It occurs when the pancreas fails to secrete enough insulin or the body resists insulin.
Diabetes can be divided into two types:
Type I diabetes or Type II diabetes. About 10% of people with diabetes are type 1 diabetes patients, and most of the onset age is before the age of 30. Type 1 diabetes is also known as insulin-dependent diabetes or juvenile-onset diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is usually a decrease in insulin secretion, so the patient must inject insulin every day. Type 2 diabetes is relatively common and usually occurs in adults over the age of 40, also known as non-insulin-dependent or adult-onset diabetes. Medical research points out that heredity is the main cause of disease. In addition, obesity, improper diet, lack of exercise, and improper use of drugs are also the main reasons for type II diabetes.
Early symptoms of diabetes There are generally no obvious symptoms in the early stage of diabetes, and diabetes may not be discovered until the patient has a physical examination. Common diabetes symptoms include:
1. Extremely thirsty
2. Polyuria
3. Lack of energy
4. Blurred vision
5. Recurrent bladder, vaginal and skin infections
6. Paralysis of hands and feet
How is Diabetes Diagnosed?
In fact, the diagnosis of diabetes is very easy! Anyone with fasting blood sugar higher than 7.8mmol/L or blood sugar higher than 11.1mmol/L at any time can be sure that he has diabetes. If there is any doubt, a blood sugar tolerance test can be performed. For example, after taking 75 grams of glucose, the blood sugar is higher than 11.1mmol/L, which means that you have diabetes.
Diabetes care lies in the word "balance". The timing and size of meals should be consistent throughout the day, with more fiber-rich foods and less fried, high-fat, high-sugar, and high-starchy foods. Regular exercise can control weight, maintain physical fitness, enhance insulin and glucose utilization, prevent complications and reduce anxiety. Maintaining normal and stable blood sugar can effectively prevent complications.
Complications that diabetes can cause can be divided into acute and chronic.
acute complications of diabetes
1. Ketoacidosis: When diabetes is out of control, such as injury, after surgery or infection, the blood sugar and ketone bodies in the patient’s body increase, which can lead to poisoning, which can lead to coma or death in severe cases.
2. Hypoglycemia: If the patient injects or takes too many hypoglycemic drugs or increases the amount of activity, the blood sugar may drop. Patients may experience tremors, rapid heartbeat, confusion or even coma.
3. Hyperglycemia: symptoms such as thirst, abdominal pain, difficulty breathing, nausea, loss of appetite, etc.
Chronic complications of diabetes
1. Hardening and blockage of blood vessels, increasing the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke.
2. Kidney disease: It can lead to glomerular inflammation, renal arteriosclerosis, urinary tract infection and renal failure.
3. Eye diseases: patients may have cataracts, retinopathy, etc.
4. Neuropathy: can cause incontinence, impotence, diarrhea, abnormal blood pressure and pulse, etc.
5. Foot lesions: Due to the patient's blood circulation problems and the degeneration of the nerves in the feet, the patient is prone to foot damage and bacterial infection, resulting in foot tissue ulcers.
drug treatment of diabetes
Oral hypoglycemic drugs
1. Sulphonylureas: Stimulate insulin secretion.
2. Bighanides: Improves cell sensitivity to insulin and inhibits excess glucose production in the liver.
3. Alpha-Glucsidase inhibitur: Inhibits the activity of digestive enzymes that digest carbohydrates in the stomach and intestines, slowing down the rate of postprandial blood sugar rise.
Insulin All type 1 diabetics and a small percentage of type 2 diabetics need it to control blood sugar. Diabetes is a chronic disease. Although there is no cure, as long as the blood sugar level is well controlled and the complications of diabetes are prevented, the risk of diabetes can be greatly reduced.
Diabetes Self-Assessment
1. Family medical records.
2. Extreme thirst.
3. Good appetite and big appetite.
4. Polyuria.
5. Lack of exercise and obesity.
6. Weight loss.
7. Tired easily.
8. Blurred vision.
9. The ear canal is often inflamed.
10. Numbness and pain in hands and feet.
11. The skin becomes dull or itchy.
12. Wounds are difficult to heal.
13. It is easy to develop abscesses.
14. High stress in life or work.
15. Reduced sexual performance.
16. There is sugar in the urine.
Diabetes test results
>3 is a diabetes risk group, please check regularly.
High Uric Acid
The causes of intestinal gas (hernia) can be divided into two types: congenital and acquired. The congenital reason is that the "peritoneal sheath-like process" is not completely closed at the end of the fetus and remains abnormally open. Therefore, the organs in the abdominal cavity, such as the omentum, ovary, cecum, especially the small intestine, etc., when the abdominal pressure increases, will descend through the abnormally open peritoneum and reach the scrotum through the groin, resulting in intestinal gas (hernia). The acquired cause is due to the weakening of the fascia or muscles of the abdominal wall behind the groin. "When the abdominal pressure increases, the organs in the abdominal cavity protrude from the weakened posterior abdominal wall layer, and small intestinal gas (hernia) is formed. "
Symptoms of intestinal gas (hernia) Small intestinal gas (hernia) can be seen and felt. People with intestinal gas will notice that the hernia bulge in the abdomen or groin may disappear when you lie down. The patient will also feel a dull ache and a falling sensation that becomes more pronounced when you move. This uncomfortable feeling comes from constant pressure on the tissues, especially when the patient is coughing, lifting heavy objects, or standing for long periods of time. Sudden, intense pain occurs when small intestinal gas (hernia) suddenly becomes large or cannot be retracted into the abdomen.
Treatment of small bowel gas (hernia) Reducing activity or losing weight can temporarily relieve symptoms. While small bowel gas (hernia) may not get worse for months or even years, symptoms of untreated hernias do not improve on their own. For hernias that don't go away or push back, it can be life-threatening if part of the bowel gets stuck or strangled in the opening. In any case, the only treatment is surgery.
Intestinal gas (hernia) surgery Tension-free intestinal gas (hernia) repair surgery has made significant progress in the repair of small intestinal gas (hernia) in recent years. The most important concept of these advances is the so-called tension-free repair.
It is defined as a repair procedure that does not force tissue to tissue together with the force of sutures, but instead uses a prosthetic mesh or device to replace or strengthen the tissue in the small bowel gas (hernia) defect. Tension-free repair surgery can reduce the tension or tension in the muscle and ligament tissue surrounding the hernia defect, thereby reducing post-operative pain.
Patients can generally be discharged within 1-2 days after surgery. Most patients experience mild postoperative pain and can return to normal life within an average of about three days.
Small bowel gas laparoscopic surgery uses a laparoscope to place artificial meshes into the small bowel gas (hernia) defect. Laparoscopic repair is only suitable for bilateral co-occurring small bowel gas (hernia), but small bowel gas operation is time-consuming, expensive and may increase the rare but serious complications of small bowel gas.
Heart Disease
The heart is a pump in our body, circulating blood to all parts of the body, bringing oxygen and nutrients to various tissues and organs, and removing carbon dioxide and waste products.
Causes of heart disease:
High blood pressure: causes atherosclerosis
Hyperlipidemia: Forms atherosclerosis, which leads to coronary heart disease
Smoking: Nicotine increases heart rate, increases blood pressure, and carbon monoxide causes arteriosclerosis
Eating Habits: Too Fatty and High Cholesterol Foods
Diabetes: damages and hardens blood vessels
Lack of exercise I Stress I Familial inheritance
Symptoms of heart disease:
Angina pectoris Compression in the chest, severe pain that can extend to the neck, arms and jaw, irregular heartbeat, edema, shortness of breath, cold sweats, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting
How to Diagnose Heart Disease
People suspected of having heart disease need a physical examination:
EKG
blood test
Ultrasound
exercise electrocardiogram
Cardiac catheterization
Prevent heart disease and develop healthy eating habits
Eat more fruits and vegetables, less meat, fatty and high cholesterol foods
do not smoke
drink less
Weight control
Keep your mind relaxed, avoid excessive tension, exercise in moderation, and avoid competitive and excessively strenuous exercise.
Heart disease treatment Heart disease drugs Heart disease surgery (Trunk, stent placement, bypass, etc.)
high uric acid
Gout can be caused by excess uric acid.
The most common causes of high uric acid include: genetic constitution, alcoholism, obesity, and high intake of Goplin. High uric acid level does not necessarily cause symptoms, but if the high uric acid level persists for a long time, it may lead to gout, that is, when uric acid accumulates in the joints, causing inflammation. Kidney or urinary tract stones occur when uric acid accumulates in the kidneys or urethra. It can also lead to arteriosclerotic hyperlipidemia and diabetes. Complications such as disease.
Recommendations to prevent high uric acid:
i) If it is simply high uric acid, unless the value is too high, as long as the food and alcohol are moderate, drink plenty of water (make the urine output more than two liters per day), control the weight, and check regularly Yes, no medication is required.
ii) Once acute arthritis or gout, urinary tract stones, and abnormal renal function occur frequently, it is necessary to take uric acid-lowering drugs for a long time to control the concentration of uric acid in the blood within the normal range.
iii) Reduce the consumption of high-purine foods.
a) Animal offal
b) Red meat: beef or pork
c) Soy, soybean or peanut food
d) Mushrooms, wheat foods
e) wine
f) Shellfish, scaleless fish
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a disease in which the amount of bone in the bones decreases and becomes loose and brittle, making them prone to fractures. After the age of 30, the growth of bone will stop, and the rate of bone loss will gradually increase, which is especially prone to osteoporosis. After women's menopause, due to the lack of female hormone secretion, bone loss will be faster, making women more prone to osteoporosis Porosis.
Recommendations to prevent osteoporosis:
i) Balanced diet - Adequate calcium intake is an important way to store bones. Foods high in calcium include - milk, cheese, tofu, fish, dried shrimps, and adequate intake of vitamin D- Vitamin D can increase calcium absorption. Foods high in vitamin D include - fish, cod liver oil, milk, egg yolks, etc.
ii) Get into the habit of exercising - the younger the better, the older people with bone loss can benefit from prolonged exercise including stretching, strength training, balance training, weight-bearing aerobics.
iii) Quit alcohol and tobacco - Smoking, drinking or drinking coffee can cause bone loss and cause gastroporosis.
iv) Regular bone density examinations.
Hepatitis
Hepatitis refers to inflammation of liver cells. The classification of hepatitis is based on its cause. Hepatitis caused by viral viruses is more common in Hong Kong. Other less common causes include alcohol, drugs, chemicals and genetic diseases.
Different types of hepatitis viruses:
At least six different hepatitis viruses have been identified today:
Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis D, Hepatitis E and Hepatitis G, respectively.
1 Hepatitis A and E Hepatitis is transmitted through food.
2 Hepatitis B, C, D and G are mainly transmitted by blood or body fluids
Symptoms of Hepatitis:
Symptoms of hepatitis do not appear until after the incubation period. The incubation period for each type of hepatitis varies from two weeks to six months.
Gallstone
Gallstones can be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a golf ball, and there may be only one in the body, or there may be thousands. Gallstones found during a routine medical examination are often called silent stones because they are asymptomatic and do not require action. However, thousands of people still suffer from gallstones.
Bile is a liquid synthesized from cholesterol, minerals, bile acids and water. If the concentration is too high, it will form gallstones like pigments dry.
Gallstone symptoms
1 may be asymptomatic
2 pain
Pain in the right abdomen, under the ribs, or near the stomach can also be felt in the back of the back, in the shoulder glutes, etc. Pain may worsen after meals and after eating fatty foods
Feeling of bloating and stomach pain due to gallstones, similar to indigestion, and sometimes difficult to distinguish
Three major complications of gallstones
1 Acute cholecystitis
Gallstones block the opening of the gallbladder, the bile is blocked, the gallbladder will swell, and the gallstone itself contains bacteria, which will gradually contain pus and become inflamed
2 acute cholangitis
The common bile duct is blocked by gallstones, and bile cannot flow out. Severe abdominal pain and fever
3 Pancreatitis
Gallstone examination Ultrasound scan Gallstone prevention should avoid greasy food Gallstone treatment Gallstone drug treatment
Mainly using drugs to dissolve gallstones. The effect of drug treatment was not significant. Moreover, patients taking the drug for a long time may suffer from side effects caused by the drug, such as diarrhea, inflammation of internal organs such as liver or kidney, etc.
Laser treatment of gallstones
Lasers are more effective in treating kidney stones than gallstones. Because when the laser is used to hit the gallstone, it is easy to damage other internal organs. In addition, fragments of gallstones may also cause bile duct obstruction.
Endoscopic Cholecystectomy for Gallstones
Patients with gallstones can remove the gallbladder through laparoscopy and other instruments without the need for laparotomy. Usually only need to stay in the hospital for one to two days for observation before discharge.
Kidney stone
Kidney stones are sediments that collect in the kidneys and are formed by the accumulation of crystals in the urine; they can be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a tennis ball. Tiny crystals are naturally excreted in urine without even knowing it. Generally speaking, kidney stones the size of sesame seeds have about a 90% chance of being discharged naturally. But some crystals can build up in the kidneys and form large kidney stones. When they move or block the urethra, they can cause extreme pain, affecting the sides of the waist, lower abdomen, and even the genitals.
The causes of kidney stones In fact, there are many causes of kidney stones. According to epidemiological studies, people who drink less water and sweat more are more likely to suffer from kidney stones. The reason is that the concentration of minerals in their bodies is high, which increases the formation of crystals. Opportunity. Generally speaking, the formation of kidney stones is related to many factors, which can be summarized as follows:
· Concentration of urine: Lack of drinking water and excessive perspiration will lead to decreased urine output and high concentration is more likely to produce stones.
· Eating habits: eating too much meat, salty, etc.
Inheritance: A member of the family has kidney stones.
· Diseases: such as hyperparathyroidism, urinary system inflammation, urethritis, gout, etc.
· Drugs: excessive intake of vitamin D, calcium tablets.
Symptoms of kidney stone Nephrolithiasis is a very common disease, but if it is not handled properly, it may permanently damage the function of the kidney, and the consequences are very serious. Common nephrolithiasis symptoms are as follows:
low back pain nausea/vomiting urethra inflammation hematuria burning pain when urinating fever and chills
Diagnosis of Kidney Stones Kidney stones can be detected and treated early through regular physical examinations. However, patients usually see a doctor when they have unbearable low back pain and hematuria, and kidney stones are found. When a patient suspects that he has a kidney stone, the following tests can be used to further determine and distinguish the type of stone:
1. Urinalysis: From a 24-hour urine sample, it is determined whether the daily excretion of chemicals such as calcium, oxalic acid and phosphoric acid is too high.
2. blood test: to determine if there is an increase in a chemical associated with stone formation.
3. KUB X-ray plane: Calcium stones appear white on X-rays.
4. Computer scan: Can accurately see kidney stones that cannot be seen under ordinary X-rays, such as those with low density and as small as 0.2mm in diameter.
5. Ultrasound: Use high-frequency sound waves to show images of internal organs.
Treatment of kidney stones Kidney stones have a serious impact on the body. Patients with mild kidney stones will cause repeated inflammation of the urinary system, causing pain and bleeding in the urine. Patients with severe kidney stones will block the urinary system, causing uremia and even fatal. Therefore, when you find that you have kidney stones, you should make an appointment with a urologist immediately and receive appropriate treatment.
1. Non-surgical treatment of kidney stones: If the stones are small, drink plenty of water to excrete them.
2. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in the treatment of kidney stones: Most of the kidney stones found in the early stage can be broken up by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, allowing them to be discharged naturally. This is the most common method of lithotripsy for stones less than 2 cm in diameter
3. Endoscopic lithotripsy in the treatment of kidney stones: The instrument is passed through the patient's urethra into the bladder or ureter, and the kidney stone is crushed and taken out. This method is especially suitable for some stones that have fallen into the ureter. There is no need for any incision, and the success rate is as high as 98%.
Small intestinal gas (hernia)
The causes of intestinal gas (hernia) can be divided into two types: congenital and acquired. The congenital reason is that the "peritoneal sheath-like process" is not completely closed at the end of the fetus and remains abnormally open. Therefore, the organs in the abdominal cavity, such as the omentum, ovary, cecum, especially the small intestine, etc., when the abdominal pressure increases, will descend through the abnormally open peritoneum and reach the scrotum through the groin, resulting in intestinal gas (hernia). The acquired cause is due to the weakening of the fascia or muscles of the abdominal wall behind the groin. "When the abdominal pressure increases, the organs in the abdominal cavity protrude from the weakened posterior abdominal wall layer, and small intestinal gas (hernia) is formed. "
Symptoms of intestinal gas (hernia) Small intestinal gas (hernia) can be seen and felt. People with intestinal gas will notice that the hernia bulge in the abdomen or groin may disappear when you lie down. The patient will also feel a dull ache and a falling sensation that becomes more pronounced when you move. This uncomfortable feeling comes from constant pressure on the tissues, especially when the patient is coughing, lifting heavy objects, or standing for long periods of time. Sudden, intense pain occurs when small intestinal gas (hernia) suddenly becomes large or cannot be retracted into the abdomen.
Treatment of small bowel gas (hernia) Reducing activity or losing weight can temporarily relieve symptoms. While small bowel gas (hernia) may not get worse for months or even years, symptoms of untreated hernias do not improve on their own. For hernias that don't go away or push back, it can be life-threatening if part of the bowel gets stuck or strangled in the opening. In any case, the only treatment is surgery.
Intestinal gas (hernia) surgery Tension-free intestinal gas (hernia) repair surgery has made significant progress in the repair of small intestinal gas (hernia) in recent years. The most important concept of these advances is the so-called tension-free repair.
It is defined as a repair procedure that does not force tissue to tissue together with the force of sutures, but instead uses a prosthetic mesh or device to replace or strengthen the tissue in the small bowel gas (hernia) defect. Tension-free repair surgery can reduce the tension or tension in the muscle and ligament tissue surrounding the hernia defect, thereby reducing post-operative pain.
Patients can generally be discharged within 1-2 days after surgery. Most patients experience mild postoperative pain and can return to normal life within an average of about three days.
Small bowel gas laparoscopic surgery uses a laparoscope to place artificial meshes into the small bowel gas (hernia) defect. Laparoscopic repair is only suitable for bilateral co-occurring small bowel gas (hernia), but small bowel gas operation is time-consuming, expensive and may increase the rare but serious complications of small bowel gas.
Foreskin
Foreskin is too long
The foreskin of most normal men can be fully opened before the age of 10, exposing the glans. In some patients with hypertrophic prepuce, the opening of the foreskin is too narrow, causing dirt to accumulate, causing inflammation, and even difficulty urinating. If the foreskin problem is not handled properly, it will cause urinary tract infection, affect kidney function in the long run, and even increase the risk of cancer.
Circumcision Circumcision (circumcision) is probably one of the most performed surgeries in the world. Children's circumcision needs to be performed in the hospital under mild general anesthesia.
In order to ensure that during the operation, the child is completely pain-free and completed unconsciously. The entire foreskin operation takes about 15 to 20 minutes. After the operation, the foreskin wound needs to be kept hygienic and cleaned every day. In fact, the circumcision wound is not very painful, on the contrary, the just exposed glans is very sensitive, which makes children laugh and cry when washing the wound.
If the circumcision is an adult man, the situation is much simpler. Circumcision can be performed under local anesthesia in a large-scale urology clinic. Circumcision takes 15 to 20 minutes, and you can go home to rest after observation for more than half an hour.
Enlarged Prostate
The prostate, also known as the prostate, is an organ unique to men. It is located at the exit of the bladder and surrounds the urethra. Functionally, it is part of the reproductive system, a substance produced by the prostate glands that mixes with other secretions to form semen. The prostate is not yet formed in infancy, and it matures gradually under the influence of male hormones. After puberty is complete, it is about the size of a walnut and weighs about twenty grams. As we age, cells in the prostate keep dividing, causing it to proliferate and grow in size, resulting in an enlarged prostate. The prostate glands of the elderly can be as large as tens of grams, or even more than one hundred grams. Prostate enlargement is a necessary stage for every normal male. By age seventy, seventy percent of men have clinical problems with benign prostatic hyperplasia. If you suspect that you have an enlarged prostate, it is best to make an appointment with a urologist to describe the symptoms of enlarged prostate clearly.
Prevention of enlarged prostate To prevent enlarged prostate, you must pay attention to: personal hygiene, drink plenty of water to avoid urination Men after the age of 35, must receive regular prostate examinations every year, including: urine flow test, transrectal ultrasound scan, blood prostate cancer indicators
Symptoms of an enlarged prostate primarily affect urinary function:
Slow urination Nocturia Excessive urination Difficulty urinating
Obstruction of the urethra creates back pressure, and delay in treatment can lead to bladder recession and impaired renal function.
Examination for enlarged prostate
1. Maximum urine flow rate
When you are young, the "maximum urine flow rate" should be more than 30 ml per second. As the prostate enlarges with age, the "maximum urine flow rate" will continue to decrease, and some patients with enlarged prostate will require drug treatment. If the "maximum urine flow rate" is lower than 10 ml per second, patients with enlarged prostate are suitable for surgical treatment to avoid bladder degeneration and even kidney failure.
2. Remaining urine volume
After urinating normally, the urine in the bladder should be emptied immediately. If the "remaining urine volume" is more than 50ml, it indicates that the bladder outlet is blocked, or the bladder function has begun to decline, and it must be treated as soon as possible.
3. Prostate Unique Antigen
The level of PSA in normal blood should be less than 4 degrees (U g/L). Higher than this value indicates that the body has a greater chance of latent prostate cancer. You should make an appointment with a urologist as soon as possible for a more in-depth examination.
4. Prostate Ultrasound
If prostate cancer is suspected, for example: PSA is higher than 4 degrees (U g/L) and abnormality is found during digital rectal examination, "transrectal ultrasound scan" and "biopsy" can be performed to more accurately confirm whether the subject has Get prostate cancer.
In terms of diet therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia, a field research report pointed out that cooked tomatoes contain a lot of beneficial lycopene, which can effectively reduce the chance of suffering from prostate cancer. Tomatoes are delicious, try them.
Treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia Modern prostate surgery is mostly performed with minimally invasive endoscopy. Patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy have no surface wounds and can recover quickly and are very effective.
Uterine Fibroids
Uterine fibroids are benign tumors that arise on the muscles of the uterus. About 20% to 30% of women will have uterine fibroids. There are especially many patients with uterine fibroids over the age of 35. Among them, 0.2% of uterine fibroids will become malignant tumors. The cause of uterine fibroids is unknown, but most patients with uterine fibroids are in their thirties and forties.
Uterine fibroids symptoms
1 heavy menstrual blood
2 Pressure on the bladder, difficulty urinating
3 frequent urination
4 Abdominal pain
5 Anemia
Uterine fibroids examination
Pelvis ultrasound
Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer Cervical cancer is actually a mutation of cervical cells, and some people will have symptoms of bleeding and inflammation. The number of people suffering from cervical cancer is 14.4 per 100,000 people. Among the diseases of the female reproductive system, cervical cancer is second only to breast cancer, and there are about 500 new cervical cancers every year.
cervical cancer symptoms
1 No specific symptoms
2 vaginal bleeding
3 Vaginitis
4 Abdominal pain
Cervical Cancer Causes
1 have multiple sex partners
2 Have ever had a sexually transmitted disease
3 frequent sex life
4 HPV (warts) are found in the cervix of more than 90% of patients
5 Immune deficiency
6 Smoking
Hemorrhoid
As the saying goes: "ten people nine hemorrhoids", it can be seen that "hemorrhoids" are a problem that many people have. How are hemorrhoids caused? In simple terms, the formation of hemorrhoids is related to chronic pressure on the veins, which hinders blood circulation near the anus or weakens the surrounding tissue, causing the blood vessels to swell and protrude.
In fact, most of the occurrence of hemorrhoids is related to bad living habits, so "hemorrhoids" can be said to be a common disease of civilization in highly developed countries. Furthermore, according to clinical experience, suffering from hemorrhoids is not a patent for men, and many women The same will suffer from hemorrhoids, and there are still many!
To analyze the pathological factors of hemorrhoid formation, it can be divided into the following items:
Habits: staying up late, nervous, anxious.
Eating habits: Excessive drinking, addicted to spicy food, too good and delicate food, lack of fiber in food stimulates the rectal mucosa for a long time.
Occupational factors: long-term sedentary, long-standing, long-distance work.
Defecation habit factors: frequent constipation, long-term forced defecation, poor urination.
Disease factors: liver cirrhosis, cirrhotic ascites, heart disease, inflammatory bowel disease, traumatic arterial canal, pelvic tumor, venous embolism, chronic cough, prostate hypertrophy
Large and prolonged inappropriate use of anal stool softeners.Infection factors: The anus skin and rectal mucosa are stimulated or damaged due to infection of the anus.
Pregnancy factors: Because pregnancy can lead to increased pelvic circulation pressure, especially in the second trimester.
Genetic factors: congenital venous valve insufficiency.
Other factors: old age, poor physique, chronic illness, excessive obesity.
In clinical manifestations, the main symptoms of hemorrhoids are bleeding and prolapse of the anus, followed by lumps and pain around the anus, anal itching and moist feeling, occasionally accompanied by anal urgency, foreign body sensation and incomplete defecation. However, these symptoms vary according to the type and location of the hemorrhoids. Of course, not all hemorrhoids will necessarily have symptoms. In fact, most of the patients with asymptomatic hemorrhoids are.
Hemorrhoids can be divided into two types: internal hemorrhoids and external hemorrhoids. The standard for distinguishing internal hemorrhoids from external hemorrhoids is determined by the position of the "hemorrhoids". There is a place called the dentate line in the anus. If the hemorrhoid grows above the dentate line, it is called "internal hemorrhoid", otherwise it is called "external hemorrhoid".
Because the anal mucosa above the dentate line is the same as the internal organs, it is less sensitive to pain. Patients with "internal hemorrhoids" do not feel pain. The most obvious symptom is probably painless bleeding in the stool. The burning sensation is uncomfortable, that's all.
On the other hand, patients with "external hemorrhoids" are not so much better, because the anal mucosa below the dentate line feels the same as the skin on the body surface and is quite sensitive to pain. Typical restlessness, and sometimes severe patients, not only relieve stool bleeding but also have rectal prolapse.
Of course, in addition to internal hemorrhoids and external hemorrhoids, there is also a situation where internal and external hemorrhoids are mixed together to form a whole, which is called "mixed hemorrhoids".
Treatment of hemorrhoids
The treatment of hemorrhoids should be based on the severity of each person and choose different treatment methods. Generally speaking, the treatment of hemorrhoids can be divided into two types: conservative treatment and surgical treatment. Conservative therapy refers to diet and drug therapy. This therapy has little effect on hemorrhoids themselves. The main purpose is to prevent deterioration and relieve symptoms.
The main function of drug treatment for hemorrhoids is to promote blood circulation around the anus, mainly to relieve pain. Anal suppositories, anal ointments and stool softeners are used.
Surgical treatment of hemorrhoids is for patients whose condition is more serious or whose symptoms have not improved after conservative treatment.
At present, the most commonly used method for outpatient treatment of hemorrhoids is rubber band ligation. This treatment method uses a rubber band to ligate the root of hemorrhoids to block the blood flow, so that the hemorrhoids will automatically dry and fall off about ten days after ligation. The surgery does not require anesthesia, and can be done through an anoscope in the outpatient clinic. After receiving the treatment, there is no need to be hospitalized, and there is less pain. Follow-up treatment is about once every two weeks. Surgical treatment of hemorrhoids usually requires an average hospital stay of three to four days. After the operation, there will be pain and swelling in the anus. The medical staff will give timely treatment to the pain according to the patient's condition, and teach the implementation of warm water sitz baths and local dressing changes. , to minimize postoperative discomfort, in order to allow patients to reduce the number of hospital days and return to work as soon as possible.